This entry argues that foreign aid and remittances constitute a form of “unearned foreign income” that has affected the public finances and shaped political outcomes in the non-oil producing Muslim countries in North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Aid and remittance flows have stabilized authoritarian rule in this “broader” Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region by reducing the likelihood of conflict, fostering corruption, and extending the duration of non-democratic governments.